KEEP VICTORIA FALLS WILD

KEEP VICTORIA FALLS WILD
Save Victoria Falls from over-development - click to visit site - www.keepvictoriafallswild.com
Showing posts with label zambezi. Show all posts
Showing posts with label zambezi. Show all posts

Wednesday, 27 May 2026

Zambezi River levels continue to fall at Victoria Falls

The Zambezi River Authority latest figures for Zambezi River levels (up to 26th May), recorded at Nana's Farm Hyrdrological Station (located on the north bank about 20 km above the Falls) show that river levels continue to drop, ending the period at 3,032m3/s m3/s (against 2,778m3/s at same date last year).

(click for larger view)

See also

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (24/04/2026) Zambezi River levels at Victoria Falls experience early peak.

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (11/05/2026) Victoria Falls river levels continue to drop.

Read more on the hydrology of the Upper Zambezi and Victoria Falls on the Keep Victoria Falls Wild website.

 

 


Monday, 11 May 2026

Victoria Falls river levels continue to drop

The Zambezi River Authority latest figures for Zambezi River levels (up to 11th May), recorded at Nana's Farm Hyrdrological Station (located on the north bank about 20 km above the Falls) show that river levels continue to drop, ending the period at 3,526 m3/s (against 2,773 m3/s at same date last year), with no sign of a second peak.

[click to open higher res version in new window]

See also

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (24/04/2026) Zambezi River levels at Victoria Falls experience early peak.

Read more on the hydrology of the Upper Zambezi and Victoria Falls on the Keep Victoria Falls Wild website.

Friday, 24 April 2026

Zambezi River levels at Victoria Falls experience early peak

Lots of talk on social media about the volume of the Falls at the moment - some are even claiming highest levels in seventy years - tourism media hype or reality? Zambezi River Authority data shows river levels at the Falls have experienced an early rise in levels, and levels are high, with flow rates exceeding 4,000 cubic metres a second, but within normal ranges and by no means exceptional. The trend is much as per 2019-20, which also experienced an early peak to similar levels, followed by a second peak in June - but not many people experienced the Falls during this high season due to the global pandemic (Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs, 23rd April 2020). It remains to be seen whether this year will follow with a similar second peak.

The 2017/8 flood cycle experienced a slightly higher peak, but later in May, while 2009/10 recorded a yet higher 'double peak' (but still below 5,000 cubic metres/second) and 2008/9 recorded an even higher early peak (exceeding 5,500 cubic metres/second). Individual years prior to this date are not shown, with the long-term mean indicated by the dashed red line (partially obscured by subsequent data), but the exceptional flood years of 1977/8 and 1968/9 are shown, when flow rates exceeded 6,000 and 8,000 cubic metres a second respectively. The highest recorded flood levels at the Falls was 9,346 cubic metres/second in March 1958 (not shown on hydrograph).


victoria falls river levels aoril 2026
Source: Zambezi River Authority website. [click to enlarge]

What is abundantly clear from the hydrograph is the extreme variability in seasonal flow over the Falls - from lows of 300 cubic metres/second to highs of 3,000 cubic metres/second, and huge variability in annual flood levels, reflecting variability in seasonal rainfall across the vast catchment area of the Upper Zambezi, covering western Zambia, including the vast Barotse Floodplains, and into south-eastern Angola (covering over 515,000 square kilomertres). What is of particular note from the hydrograph is that 2023-24 was an exceptionally 'flat' year, with peak flows hardly exceeding 1,000 cubic metres/second, and highlighting the extreme variability between flood years.

Data on river flow levels has been collected at the Victoria Falls since 1907, providing a huge data set of information on historical flow levels - and showing the large variation in annual rainfall.

Zambezi River mean annual flow, Victoria Falls (1907-2002)
(Source: Moore et al, 2007, Fig.15.11c) [click to enlarge]

The authors Moore et al (2007) recorded a mean annual flow at the Victoria Falls (!907-2002) of 1,087 cubic metres/second.

"Records of water level from the hydrological station at Victoria Falls, taken since 1907 are illustrated in Figure 15.11c. These indicate lower than normal years for 1907-46, above normal for the years 1947-81, and again below normal for 1982-1997. A major flood of 1958, during the construction of Kariba Dam, followed heavy rains in the upper catchment and also the local catchment below Victoria Falls. A coffer dam was overtopped and a road bridge washed away – at its peak some 9,000 m3 s−1 were passing over the Victoria Falls. In magnitude it was equivalent to the 1 in 100 year flood, which in turn is roughly half the probable maximum flood of 21,000 m3 s−1." (Moore et al, 2007)

In late 2025, new research revealed the previously unrecognised significance of the Angolan headwaters as the dominant and geographic source of the Zambezi, identifying a new source of the Zambezi (as defined by the furthest distance from its mouth), the Lungwebungu River headwaters in Angola, located about 1,440 m (4,720 ft) above sea level, and also increasing the defined length of the river (Lourenço et al, 2025). The total length from the Lungwebungu source to the Indian Ocean is 3,421 km, whereas the total length from the traditional or mainstem Zambezi source to the Indian Ocean is now calculated to be 3,079 km.

The research showed that during the 2023 flood season the majority of the water flowing over the Falls and into Lake Kariba originated from the Angolan Headwaters (the 'Angolan Heights Water Tower'), highlighting the importance of these tributary sources to downstream water flow and security.

"Based on point-in-time measurements conducted during the late rainfall season between March and May 2023, we estimate that approximately 70% of the water entering the Kariba Reservoir, below Victoria Falls, originates in the AHWT [Angolan Heights Water Tower]. While preliminary, these initial findings suggest a potentially substantial Angolan contribution to downstream flows, with important but previously underappreciated implications for transboundary river management and policy." (Lourenço et al, 2025)

References

Lourenço, M, Boyes, R.S, Cotterill, F.P.D, Flügel, T, Nyoni, F.C, Ramatlapeng, G J, & Von Brandis, R. (2025) Assessment of source regions of the Zambezi river: Implications for regional water security. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 29(18), 4557-4583.

Moore, A E, Fenton P.D, Cotterill F.P.D, Main, M.P. L. and Williams H.B. (2007) The Zambezi River. In Gupta, A [Editor] (2007) Large Rivers - Geomorphology and Management. Chapter 15. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, England.

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (23rd April 2020) Victoria Falls Reaches It’s Highest Level In A Decade.

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (8th April 2026) Vic Falls allure spawns tourist rush.


Thursday, 23 April 2026

ZRA calls for public input on development of Batoka Gorge Hydro-electric Power Station

 The Zambezi River Authority has called on the public and other interested stakeholders to a consultative meeting next Tuesday in Victoria Falls on the proposed Batoka Gorge Hydro-electric Power Station to be jointly developed by Zimbabwe and Zambia on the Zambezi River.

The US$5 billion project is expected to generate 2 400 MW for the two countries that have endured power shortages, negatively affecting their respective economies.

“The ZRA proposes to develop the Batoka Gorge Hydro-electric Scheme, a major power generation project with an installed capacity of up to 2,400 MW, along the Zambezi River, which forms the common boundary between Zambia and Zimbabwe,” read part of a statement from ZRA.

“The project involves the construction of a dam wall across the Zambezi River, approximately 47 km downstream of Victoria Falls, and the development of two power stations, one on the Zambian side and the other on the Zimbabwean side of the River. The project will also include the development of townships on both sides of the River.

“The consultations are being done in accordance with the Environmental Management Act and the Environmental Management (Environmental impact Assessment and Ecosystems Protection) Regulations (S17 of 2007), which compels ZRA to conduct public consultation meetings for such projects

“As part of the Environmental Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) process, these meetings aim to inform stakeholders about the proposed project and provide an opportunity to submit views, concerns, and recommendations.

“The ZRA, therefore, cordially invites members of the public, Traditional Leaders, Government Agencies, Local Authorities, Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs), Faith-Based Organisations (FBOs), Community-Based Organisations (CBOs), the business community, and all other interested and affected parties to attend the public meetings,” read part of the statement.

The two countries have already committed US$440 million as seed capital for the project.

Zimbabwe and Zambia also share the Kariba Dam Hydro-electric Power Station.

Source: ZRA calls for public input on development of Batoka Gorge Hydro-electric Power Station (23/08/2026)

Read more:

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (23rd April 2026) ZRA calls for public input on development of Batoka Gorge Hydro-electric Power Station.

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (1st April 2026) $4.2BN Power Play: Zambia and Zimbabwe Partner on Batoka Gorge Hydropower Project.

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (15th February 2026) Fresh momentum for Batoka Gorge Hydro-Electric Scheme.

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (31st December 2025) Zimbabwe, Zambia commit US$440m to Batoka Gorge project.

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (4th December 2025) AFRY to update key studies for Batoka Gorge project, Zambia.

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (2nd June 2025) Zimbabwe And Zambia Renew Investor Search For Batoka Gorge Project.

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (3rd May 2025) Zambia, Zimbabwe Court Investors to Revive $5 Billion Hydro Dam.

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (22nd November 2024) Zambezi River Authority updates Batoka project feasibility studies.

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (27th March 2024) Zambia and Zimbabwe to retender $5bn Batoka Gorge hydropower plant

See also the Keep Victoria Falls Wild website.


Wednesday, 8 April 2026

Vic Falls allure spawns tourist rush

 A RECORD number of local and international tourists are visiting the Victoria Falls as the waterfall reaches its peak, defying fears that numbers could drop due to the ongoing conflict in the Middle East — which has unsettled global travel patterns and disrupted flight routes.

The country’s premier resort is surging into the peak tourism season, with water plunging into the waterfall with remarkable energy.

The allure of the Falls remains strong with hundreds of Easter holidaymakers, joined by a growing influx of MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conferences and Exhibitions) travellers trooping into the resort town.

This has reinforced Victoria Falls’ standing as a destination of global choice that continues to draw visitors.

Across the town, hotels are reporting occupancy rates climbing beyond 70 percent, reflecting a renewed appetite for travel among both domestic and international visitors eager to witness one of nature’s most awe inspiring spectacles.

The Zambezi River’s unusually early swell — typically experienced in May or June — has been driven by heavy rainfall in the upper catchment areas of Zambia and Angola.

The result is a dramatic transformation of Victoria Falls into a roaring curtain of water and mist, its thunderous presence drawing tourists in large numbers as spray rises from the gorge and rainbows shimmer in the sunlight.

Tourism executive Dr Clement Mukwasi said the rapid increase in water volumes took many by surprise, but has been warmly welcomed by industry players.

“Usually, our peak water volumes occur around May or June, but this year we are seeing the Zambezi already overflowing. We had to close rafting a bit earlier because of the high water, but the Falls are at their spectacular best,” he said.

Dr Mukwasi said the timing of the early peak has worked in the industry’s favour, coinciding with an influx of domestic tourists travelling for the Easter holidays, and seamlessly blending into the traditional international peak season running from May to October.

Despite the Middle East conflict, which has affected some international flight connections, Dr Mukwasi said Zimbabwe’s tourism sector continued to demonstrate resilience.

“Since we have the best place to visit in the world in Africa, we think 2026 shall bring very good fortunes. Southern Africa has been peaceful and quiet, and we anticipate many travellers shifting from North Africa to visit Zimbabwe and Victoria Falls in particular,” he said.

Hospitality Association of Zimbabwe Matabeleland North Chapter chairperson Ms Patience Musonza echoed the same optimism, saying operators are expecting strong occupancy levels over the Easter period, driven by families, leisure travellers and regional visitors seeking to reconnect with nature.

“Domestic tourism is helping to push bookings. Just walking inside the rainforest around the waterfall shows how much water there is, which is a plus for us,” she said.

Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority (Zimparks) spokesperson Mr Luckmore Safuli said the high water flows are a natural phenomenon that brings benefits beyond tourism, extending into broader conservation gains.

He said the increased volumes enhance the visual grandeur of the Falls, while simultaneously transporting nutrients downstream that support aquatic ecosystems and sustain

“Recent increases in water volumes observed at Victoria Falls are primarily a result of sustained rainfall across the upper Zambezi River catchment. The Falls are currently exhibiting higher-than-average flows for this time of year, resulting in the dramatic spectacle commonly associated with peak flow conditions,” said Mr Safuli.

Mr Safuli said Zimparks continued to work closely with tourism operators to ensure safe access for visitors.

He urged visitors to strictly adhere to posted warnings, avoid swimming or approaching fast flowing sections outside designated areas, and follow guidance from park authorities at all times.

UN Tourism Regional Director for Africa Ms Elcia Grandcourt has meanwhile singled out Zimbabwe as a standout post pandemic tourism success story, highlighting the country’s ability to diversify offerings and capture new market segments.

“Africa has been able to constantly gain centre-stage within the international tourism landscape by seizing new opportunities and demonstrating resilience. Statistics indicate that Africa’s tourism has built back better and resurged stronger,” she said.

“Against this backdrop, Zimbabwe stands out as a successful example. The country has been able to diversify its tourism offerings and products, capturing new tourism segments and shares, which contributed to confirming and further strengthening its destination brand and image.”

According to UN Tourism Barometer data, Africa welcomed 81 million international arrivals in 2025 — an 8 percent increase — while Zimbabwe received 1,6 million international visitors in 2024, underlining its growing global appeal.

Last month, Zimbabwe’s rising profile was further cemented when it clinched the Destination of the Year — Natural Wonders Award at the Pacific Area Travel Writers Association Awards, held on the sidelines of ITB Berlin 2026 in Germany.

Source: Vic Falls allure spawns tourist rush (07/04/2026)

Wednesday, 31 December 2025

Zimbabwe, Zambia commit US$440m to Batoka Gorge project

 ZIMBABWE and Zambia have committed a combined US$440 million towards accelerating the implementation of the Batoka Gorge Hydro-Electric Scheme (BGHES) following a meeting of the Zambezi River Authority (ZRA) Council of Ministers held on Monday in Victoria Falls.

The council, chaired for 2026 by Zimbabwe’s Minister of Energy and Power Development, July Moyo, reaffirmed the adoption of a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model for the US$4.2 billion project.

Each Government approved an equity contribution of US$220 million to initiate construction, with project timelines set to be reviewed to allow for faster implementation in line with guidance from the two Heads of State.

In a communiqué issued after the meeting, Minister Moyo confirmed the decision.

“COM reaffirmed the adoption of a Public-Private Partnership model and approved a US$220 million equity contribution by each Government, including exploration of equity partnerships to enhance bankability. This allocation will be for the BGHES dam construction for the budget cycle beginning 2026 over flexible timelines,” he said.

The council noted progress on the project, including updated feasibility studies and enhanced financial and technical advisory support.

A Resource Mobilisation Committee, chaired by the Finance Ministers of both countries, has been established to mobilise additional funding for the project’s public infrastructure component.

The council also reviewed other projects under the Zambezi River Authority portfolio, including the 600MW Kariba Floating Solar PV plant, with the first 150MW phase scheduled for commissioning in mid-2026, and progress on the Kariba Dam Rehabilitation Project.

Community development projects under the Zambezi Valley Development Fund were also reviewed, including the completed Nyangwizhu Clinic in Hurungwe and Chidyamugwamu health post in Kariba. The council directed that the facilities be officially commissioned in collaboration with local leadership.


Read more:

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (15th February 2026) Fresh momentum for Batoka Gorge Hydro-Electric Scheme.

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (31st December 2025) Zimbabwe, Zambia commit US$440m to Batoka Gorge project.

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (4th December 2025) AFRY to update key studies for Batoka Gorge project, Zambia.

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (2nd June 2025) Zimbabwe And Zambia Renew Investor Search For Batoka Gorge Project.

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (3rd May 2025) Zambia, Zimbabwe Court Investors to Revive $5 Billion Hydro Dam.

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (22nd November 2024) Zambezi River Authority updates Batoka project feasibility studies.

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (27th March 2024) Zambia and Zimbabwe to retender $5bn Batoka Gorge hydropower plant

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (27th September 2023) World Heritage Committee Dilutes Reaction to Batoka Gorge HydroElectric Scheme.

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (16th June 2023) Zambia looks to cancel $5 billion Batoka Gorge HES project.

See also the Keep Victoria Falls Wild website.

Saturday, 20 December 2025

Victoria Falls Set to See Tourism Growth as Zambezi Crescent Gains Full Control of Malachite Camp

 Zambezi Crescent has received official approval from the Zimbabwean government to acquire Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority’s (Zimparks) 50% stake in the Zambezi Joint Venture. This buy-out allows Zambezi Crescent to fully develop and operate Malachite Camp, one of the prominent lodges in Victoria Falls. The approval is set to streamline operations, unlock new capital, and position both partners for sustainable growth in Zimbabwe’s tourism industry.

The buy-out marks a key moment in the evolution of the Zambezi Joint Venture, originally created in 2021 to rejuvenate the underperforming Zambezi Camp Lodges along the banks of the Zambezi River. While Zimparks provided the rights to operate the lodges and their surrounding land, Zambezi Crescent was responsible for investment and development. With a total investment exceeding US$3 million, the joint venture aimed to bring the lodges up to market-related standards and increase their appeal to both domestic and international tourists.

However, challenges in meeting capital obligations and operational demands prompted the need for restructuring. The new agreement will enable Zambezi Crescent to more effectively implement its vision for Malachite Camp, ensuring its growth and attracting more visitors to the Victoria Falls region.

Revitalizing Malachite Camp and Enhancing Visitor Experience

As part of the buy-out, Zambezi Crescent will assume full control over Malachite Camp, located in the Victoria Falls area, a world-renowned destination for travelers seeking both luxury and adventure tourism. The camp is strategically situated to offer visitors access to the natural wonders of the region, including Victoria Falls, a UNESCO World Heritage site, and a range of wildlife and adventure activities such as safaris, rafting, and bungee jumping.

With increased control, Zambezi Crescent plans to enhance the camp’s offerings, introducing new services, facilities, and attractions aimed at improving the overall guest experience. This includes luxury accommodations, curated local tours, and tailored services designed to appeal to both leisure travelers and eco-conscious tourists. The development is also expected to improve the camp’s sustainability by incorporating more eco-friendly practices and highlighting the natural beauty of the surrounding environment.

As part of the transformation, Zambezi Crescent plans to expand the camp’s marketing efforts to draw attention from a global audience. With Malachite Camp’s new positioning, the resort will seek to attract visitors from key international markets such as Europe, North America, and Asia, as well as regional travelers from neighboring Southern African countries.

The buy-out of Zimparks’ stake in the Zambezi Joint Venture also marks a shift towards a more efficient and sustainable tourism model for Zimbabwe. Zimparks will continue to retain 100% legal ownership of the land asset, benefiting from guaranteed lease revenue from the camp, which will help support its conservation efforts and other protected areas across the country. This asset-light model allows Zimparks to focus on its primary mandate of wildlife conservation while still benefiting from the economic opportunities generated by tourism.

With the buy-out, Zambezi Crescent will be able to inject additional capital into the operation of Malachite Camp and other tourism-related ventures in Zimbabwe, strengthening the country’s tourism infrastructure. By improving its offerings, the partnership aims to boost tourism to Victoria Falls, a region that plays a key role in the country’s economy. The increased international interest and investment are expected to positively impact the local community through job creation and tourism-driven growth.

A Shift Towards Private Sector Leadership in Zimbabwe’s Tourism

This strategic move also highlights Zimbabwe’s shift towards privatization and public-private partnerships as the country’s tourism sector seeks to recover and expand. By allowing private sector investment, the government is aiming to revitalize iconic tourism assets like Victoria Falls and increase international tourism revenues.

As a major source of revenue for Zimbabwe’s economy, tourism has faced challenges in recent years, but the buy-out of Zimparks’ stake in the Zambezi Joint Venture offers a potential roadmap for the future. The involvement of private operators like  Zambezi Crescent is seen as a way to bring in much-needed investment and expertise while also ensuring that the country’s natural heritage is protected and promoted.

Implications for Africa’s Tourism Industry

The Zambezi Crescent buy-out in Zimbabwe offers valuable insights into how strategic restructuring and private sector partnerships can stimulate growth in underdeveloped tourism markets. Zimbabwe’s emphasis on improving its tourism infrastructure, combined with this partnership, showcases how countries in Africa can leverage public-private collaborations to attract global investment and improve service standards.

As competition intensifies in Africa’s tourism industry, the ability to adapt partnership models to local realities will be key to unlocking new growth opportunities. Zimbabwe’s model presents an example of how balancing state interests and private investment can enhance the visitor experience and regional connectivity.

Conclusion: A New Chapter for Tourism in Victoria Falls

The acquisition of Zimparks’ 50% stake in the Zambezi Joint Venture by Zambezi Crescent is an important milestone for both the company and Zimbabwe’s tourism industry. With full control of Malachite Camp, the company now has the opportunity to further elevate the guest experience and attract a wider international audience to Victoria Falls and the surrounding region.

As the tourism industry continues to recover and evolve, the ongoing efforts to improve infrastructure, strengthen partnerships, and boost Zimbabwe’s tourism offerings will play a crucial role in the country’s economic recovery and future growth. Zambezi Crescent’s approach to strengthening operations and increasing investment will ensure that Malachite Camp and other key tourist sites remain essential parts of the regional tourism landscape.

Source:  Victoria Falls Set to See Tourism Growth as Zambezi Crescent Gains Full Control of Malachite Camp (19/12/2025)

See Also

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (4th June 2021) Old Mutual to build four-star hotel in Victoria Falls.

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (18th June 2018) Parks authority revises stinky deal.

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (24th January 2018) PRAZ cancels Zimparks, Adage lease.

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (2nd April 2017) Massive corruption unearthed at National Parks.

 


Thursday, 4 December 2025

AFRY to update key studies for Batoka Gorge project, Zambia

AFRY has secured a contract from the Zambezi River Authority, the organisation jointly owned by Zambia and Zimbabwe, to update the feasibility study and Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) for the Batoka Gorge hydroelectric scheme.

The proposed plant, to be sited in the Batoka Gorge about 47km downstream of Victoria Falls, is planned to have an installed capacity of up to 2400MW.

“We are committed to advancing sustainable hydropower solutions utilising the potential of the Zambezi River. Hydropower is a cornerstone of the global energy transition, and we are delighted to be part of empowering communities with reliable, renewable energy solutions that stand the test of time,” said Ernst Zeller, Segment Head, Hydro at AFRY.

Under the contract, AFRY will review earlier studies and update them with detailed technical, economic, and operational analyses aimed at optimising the plant’s layout and operations. The work will include assessments of hydrology and climate change, installed capacity, reservoir operations, energy production, and the associated transmission system.

The assignment also covers updates to the environmental and social impact assessments, a review of the implementation schedule, and preparation of tender documents.

Source: AFRY to update key studies for Batoka Gorge project, Zambia (04/12/2025)


Read more:

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (15th February 2026) Fresh momentum for Batoka Gorge Hydro-Electric Scheme.

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (31st December 2025) Zimbabwe, Zambia commit US$440m to Batoka Gorge project.

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (4th December 2025) AFRY to update key studies for Batoka Gorge project, Zambia.

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (2nd June 2025) Zimbabwe And Zambia Renew Investor Search For Batoka Gorge Project.

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (3rd May 2025) Zambia, Zimbabwe Court Investors to Revive $5 Billion Hydro Dam.

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (22nd November 2024) Zambezi River Authority updates Batoka project feasibility studies.

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (27th March 2024) Zambia and Zimbabwe to retender $5bn Batoka Gorge hydropower plant

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (27th September 2023) World Heritage Committee Dilutes Reaction to Batoka Gorge HydroElectric Scheme.

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (16th June 2023) Zambia looks to cancel $5 billion Batoka Gorge HES project.

See also the Keep Victoria Falls Wild website.

Monday, 14 July 2025

Victoria Falls in danger

 One of Africa's most celebrated natural wonders, Victoria Falls, is facing mounting threats from climate-related water risks, particularly recurrent droughts, according to a newly released global analysis by the World Resources Institute (WRI) and Unesco.


The report, which examined 1,172 non-marine Unesco World Heritage Sites worldwide, found that 73% of these sites are exposed to at least one severe water-related threat -  including drought, flooding, or pollution. Alarmingly, 21% of the sites face both extremes of too much and too little water in alternating years.

Victoria Falls, straddling the border between Zimbabwe and Zambia, is among the sites flagged as increasingly vulnerable due to persistent droughts linked to shifting rainfall patterns and intensifying climate change.

Once famed for its thundering cascades and lush rainforest ecosystem, the site -  inscribed as a Unesco World Heritage Site in 1989 -  has, in recent years, experienced periods where the mighty Zambezi River's flow dwindled to a near trickle. Severe droughts were recorded in 2016, 2019, and 2024, with rainfall arriving later each year, prolonging dry spells that damage ecosystems and disrupt livelihoods.

The report warns that the site's vulnerability threatens both its ecological integrity and economic sustainability.

Under normal conditions, more than one million tourists visit Victoria Falls annually, making it a vital pillar of the tourism economy for both Zimbabwe and Zambia. Thousands of jobs -  from tour guides to hotel staff and craft vendors -  depend on the attraction. Moreover, the Zambezi River feeds hydroelectric dams downstream, providing power across the region.

"When the Falls suffer, people suffer," the report states.

In 2019, a year of severe drought, Zimbabwe recorded over 300 human-wildlife conflicts as animals roamed in search of food and water. Meanwhile, 45 million people across southern Africa required food aid due to widespread crop failures. Power blackouts lasting up to 18 hours per day were experienced in Zimbabwe and Zambia as dam levels dropped, crippling economies and stalling climate resilience efforts.

Although the report classifies Victoria Falls as having "medium drought risk" -  in part due to relatively low human development density around the site -  the probability of future droughts remains high, reinforced by recent trends and climate modelling.

Additionally, infrastructure expansion linked to tourism is placing growing stress on the fragile environment.

"The concern is not just about how often droughts are occurring, but whether the environment and communities have time to recover before the next crisis hits," said report authors Samantha Kuzma (WRI) and Tales Carvalho Resende (Unesco).

Globally, other iconic heritage sites grappling with similar water-related challenges include the Taj Mahal in India, Angkor in Cambodia, Yellowstone National Park in the US, and Mt. Everest's Sagarmatha National Park in Nepal.

Despite these dire warnings, WRI says solutions remain within reach. These include improved water management policies, investment in drought-resilient infrastructure, and integrating climate risk assessments into tourism and conservation planning.

As southern Africa braces for another uncertain rainy season, the future of Victoria Falls -  and the millions who depend on it -  may depend on how urgently leaders act on the warnings from climate scientists and conservationists.

Source: Victoria Falls in danger (13th July 2025)

Saturday, 3 May 2025

Zambia, Zimbabwe Court Investors to Revive $5 Billion Hydro Dam

(Bloomburg UK, 02/05/25)

Zambia and Zimbabwe are ramping up efforts to secure investment for the long-delayed $5 billion Batoka Gorge hydropower project, as they revive a controversial plan to potentially source water from the Democratic Republic of Congo.

The Zambezi River Authority — a joint venture between the southern African nations that maintain the Kariba Dam complex — formed a team that will court investors in the proposed 2,400-megawatt facility that lies near World Heritage site Victoria Falls, Chief Executive Officer Munyaradzi Munodawafa said.

“The resource mobilization effort is targeting a time-frame of 12 to 18 months, subject to investor confidence, market conditions, and ongoing bilateral support from the Governments of Zambia and Zimbabwe,” he said in an emailed response to questions.

Work on the Batoka Gorge project had been scheduled to start in 2020, before being delayed by the onset of the coronavirus pandemic and difficulties in securing funding. Last year, Zambia announced its withdrawal from a 2019 contract previously awarded to General Electric Co. and Power Construction Corp. of China, citing irregular procurement methods.

The two countries previously set a deadline of selecting new bidders by September this year. Efforts to raise funding face further obstacles: both Zambia and Zimbabwe are currently in debt distress, with Zimbabwe owing $21 billion to creditors and Zambia still finalizing a restructuring after defaulting on its loans five years ago.

“It may be very expensive to mobilize for both countries,” said Prosper Chitambara, a Harare-based economist. “The costs will be on the high side given the debt distress both Zambia and Zimbabwe are facing.”

To bolster Kariba’s capacity and counter the effects of erratic rainfall caused by climate change, the two nations are also weighing a plan to divert as much as 16 billion cubic meters (4.3 trillion gallons) of water annually from the Congo River. While that might stabilize inflows into Kariba, challenges remain, including the high energy demands of pumping water uphill and topographical constraints.

“Detailed feasibility studies, including technical, environmental, and economic assessments, will further guide the determination of implementation time-lines and cost estimates,” Munodawafa said. Passive gravity-fed or canal systems are being considered as alternatives to energy-intensive pumping.

Inflows into Lake Kariba, the world’s largest man-made reservoir, have dwindled because of El Niño-induced droughts, threatening energy reliability in the two mining-intensive nations. Both countries have also, on a regular basis, drained the dam by exceeding their allocations from the authority of how much water they are permitted to put through the power turbines.

The lake currently supplies about half the electricity needs for both countries.

“Regarding funding, climate-related financing mechanisms are being explored,” Munodawafa said.

Experts have previously cast skepticism on a suggestion by a Zambian official six years ago that water could be fed from the Congo River — the world’s second-biggest river by volume — to the source of the Zambezi River in northwestern Zambia via canals. The Zambezi is the main source of water for the Kariba dam.

Source: Zambia, Zimbabwe Court Investors to Revive $5 Billion Hydro Dam (Bloomburg UK, 02/05/25)


Read more:

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (15th February 2026) Fresh momentum for Batoka Gorge Hydro-Electric Scheme.

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (31st December 2025) Zimbabwe, Zambia commit US$440m to Batoka Gorge project.

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (4th December 2025) AFRY to update key studies for Batoka Gorge project, Zambia.

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (2nd June 2025) Zimbabwe And Zambia Renew Investor Search For Batoka Gorge Project.

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (3rd May 2025) Zambia, Zimbabwe Court Investors to Revive $5 Billion Hydro Dam.

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (22nd November 2024) Zambezi River Authority updates Batoka project feasibility studies.

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (27th March 2024) Zambia and Zimbabwe to retender $5bn Batoka Gorge hydropower plant

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (27th September 2023) World Heritage Committee Dilutes Reaction to Batoka Gorge HydroElectric Scheme.

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (16th June 2023) Zambia looks to cancel $5 billion Batoka Gorge HES project.

See also the Keep Victoria Falls Wild website.

Friday, 22 November 2024

Zambezi River Authority updates Batoka project feasibility studies

 Leonard Ncube, leonard.ncube@chronicle.co.zw

THE Zambezi River Authority (ZRA) has said it is in the process of updating environmental engineering and hydrological studies for the Batoka Gorge Hydro-Power Project (BGHPP) which should be completed next year before a new developer is engaged for the implementation of the project.

Zimbabwe and Zambia are implementing the hydro-power project in the gorges along the Zambezi River where two 1 200MW power plants on either side of the river, a sub-station, transmission as well as a new settlement and road infrastructure will be built.

BGHPP is one of the mega projects in Matabeleland North Province and its completion is expected to enhance electricity availability in the country and region. It will also present a good investment opportunity for the private sector in the value chain.

ZRA, a company jointly established by both countries to manage water projects in the Zambezi River, is working on the project whose initial cost was US$5 billion.

The proposed project is set to transform Matabeleland North and Zambian communities on the other side of the river, with facilities such as banks, shops, private offices and other ancillary infrastructure set to be constructed.

In 2018, Zimbabwe and Zambia agreed to build the hydroelectric scheme, and the project was expected to provide about a third of Zimbabwe and Zambia’s power requirements.

Located about 50km downstream from Victoria Falls City, the massive project has been touted as a flagship project in the southern African region. A consortium of Power Construction Corporation of China and US firm General Electric had won a bid to build the 2 400MW hydropower station under a build, operate and transfer funding model before disengagement this year.

Although the idea to build a dam at the Batoka Gorge was mooted in the 1990s, it has been in limbo for decades until it was revived following the advent of the Second Republic.

However, because of challenges associated with funding and other issues, the implementation took long until studies were overtaken by time.

Updating renewable energy experts at the Zimbabwe-Zambia Energy Projects Summit 2024, ZRA director for projects and dam management services, Engineer Sithembinkosi Mhlanga said the authority is updating the feasibility studies.

The project status was topical in the discussions as energy experts said delays in its implementation were a cause for concern.

Eng Mhlanga said engineering feasibility studies were completed in 2019 while the Environmental Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) was done in 2022 which could have paved the way for implementation.

“The project is at a position where we are updating studies. We are at a time when this project needs to have studies updated so that they are relevant for the actual implementation.

For updates of studies, we are looking at a few activities particularly engineering feasibility, which is updating the assessment of hydrological data because 2 400MW was considered as design capacity for a certain scenario of operation,” he said.

The budget for Batoka had been put during the earlier studies at a range of between US$4 billion and US$5 billion.

“It’s expected that when we undertake these studies there will be a reviewed assessment of the cost which again will get refined by the developer in terms of development cost. So we remain with the figure of US$5 billion but to be fine-tuned through studies and developers submissions,” said Eng Mhlanga.

He said they are looking forward to finishing their studies in 2025 and then starting the process of procuring a developer.

“This process should end in 2026 in terms of pre-qualification and shortlisting leading to bidding and financial close probably in 2027,” said Eng Mhlanga.

He said, among other challenges, delays were caused by the time it took to disengage with the previous developer.

“The period of implementation will take between four and five years, but these are some of the details that will be finalised once a new developer is engaged. The project intends not to displace people but instead will generate direct employment for over 4 000 people and 6 000 in the two countries,” said Eng Mhlanga.

He said there is also a need to undertake studies on the impact of the Batoka Gorge on Victoria Falls’ outstanding universal value and sustainability, to conserve the total value of the World Heritage Site.

“We parted with the previous developer and we then got into these activities now we are entering into partnerships with specific key partners like the African Development Bank and African Legal Support Facility. We are looking at completing our studies in 2025 and then proceeding,” he said.

The coming in of Batoka City will be a big boost for the broader Matabeleland North development, which has in the recent past become an economic epicentre following the designation of Victoria Falls as a special economic zone (SEZ) and the elevation of the tourism town to a city. — @ncubeleon

Source: Zambezi River Authority updates Batoka project feasibility studies (21/11/24)


Read more:

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (15th February 2026) Fresh momentum for Batoka Gorge Hydro-Electric Scheme.

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (31st December 2025) Zimbabwe, Zambia commit US$440m to Batoka Gorge project.

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (4th December 2025) AFRY to update key studies for Batoka Gorge project, Zambia.

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (2nd June 2025) Zimbabwe And Zambia Renew Investor Search For Batoka Gorge Project.

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (3rd May 2025) Zambia, Zimbabwe Court Investors to Revive $5 Billion Hydro Dam.

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (22nd November 2024) Zambezi River Authority updates Batoka project feasibility studies.

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (27th March 2024) Zambia and Zimbabwe to retender $5bn Batoka Gorge hydropower plant

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (27th September 2023) World Heritage Committee Dilutes Reaction to Batoka Gorge HydroElectric Scheme.

Victoria Falls Bits and Blogs (16th June 2023) Zambia looks to cancel $5 billion Batoka Gorge HES project.

See also the Keep Victoria Falls Wild website.